The installations in the internal plant,

In the installations in the internal plant, the cable is usually of distribution or “breakout”. The distribution cables have more fibers within a smaller diameter cable, but the termination must be inside the connection panels or the wall-mounted termination boxes. Breakout cables take more place but allow direct connection without hardware, so they are suitable for industrial use. The fiber cable may be a problem because the backbone of the cable ( backbone ) now have many fibers for their current use, for future extensions and to have spare cables; That is why distribution cables are the most popular choice.

The cable jacket must have fire retardant components, according to the National Electrical Equipment Code (NEC). In general, non-conductive optical fiber is used for vertical wiring (OFNR) installations, unless the cable travels air circulation areas above the ceiling, in which case non-conductive optical fiber is used for the installation of horizontal wiring (OFNP). The OM3 fiber cable jacket must be requested to be watercolored so that it can be identified as optical fiber and as OM3 50/125 fiber.

If the cable will be installed between buildings, there are designs available for indoor and outdoor use that have water-blocking materials and double jacket. The jacket that covers on the outside is moisture resistant for outdoor use but can be easily removed so that it is the jacket that covers on the inside that has fire protection for indoor use.
Google fiber technician salary
The choice of fiber optic connector is also undergoing modifications. The ST connectors, and even the SC, are being relegated due to the success of the smaller LC connector. Since most high-speed equipment (gigabit and higher) uses LC connectors, using them in the cable network means that there must be compatibility with only one connector. The LC connector gives an important advantage to users who leave earlier versions and start using OM3 fiber. The LC connector is not compatible with the SC and ST connectors, so if you use it in 50/125 fiber cable networks you cannot combine it with the 50 and 62.5 fibers and you will experience an optical loss due to the significant incompatibility between the fibers.

The cables of the internal 

Choice of transmission equipment

Choosing the transmission equipment is the next step in the design of a fiber-optic network. This step is usually a collaboration opportunity between the client, who knows the types of data that need to be transmitted, the designer and installer and the manufacturers of the transmission equipment. The transmission equipment and the cable network are closely related.

The distance and bandwidth will help determine the type of optical fiber that is needed, and that will depend on the optical interfaces of the cable network. The ease of choosing the equipment may depend on the type of communication equipment needed.

In the world of telecommunications, standards for optical fiber have been applied for 30 years, so that those involved in the process have extensive experience in the development and installation of equipment. Almost all telecommunications equipment complies with industry conventions, so you may find equipment for telecommunication transmission for short links (in general, metropolitan area networks that can reach 20 or 30 km) and for Long-distance links as extensive as networks installed below the sea. They all work with single-mode fiber, but they can specify different types of this fiber.
Fiber optics technician
The shorter telecommunications links use 1310 nm lasers in common single-mode fibers, called G.652 fibers, which is an international standard. Longer distances use displaced dispersion fiber, optimized to operate with 1500 nm lasers (G.652 fiber). In almost all installations one of these two options is used. Most telecommunications companies offer both options.

Most CATV links are AM (analog) systems that are based on special linear lasers, called distributed feedback lasers (DFB), which use 1310 nm or 1550 nm and operate on common single mode fibers. As the CATV approaches digital transmission, it will begin to use more of its own telecommunications technology, which is already completely digital.

How OTDRs work

Unlike the sources and power meters that measure the loss of the fiber optic cable network directly, the OTDR works indirectly. The source and the meter duplicate the transmitter and receiver of the transmission link of an optical fiber, so the measurement correlates correctly with the actual loss of the system.

The OTDR, however, uses backscattered fiber light to detect losses; It works as a RADAR (radio distance detection and measurement), sending a pulse of high-power laser light through the fiber and looking for return signals of the backscattered light on the fiber or the reflected light of the connector or splice joints. The amount of backscattered light is very small, so the OTDR sends many pulses and averages for results.

At any time, the light that the OTDR sees is the scattered light of the pulse that passes through a region of the fiber. Only a small amount of light is scattered back to the OTDR, but with wider test pulses, sensitive receivers and average signal, it is possible to make measurements over relatively long distances. Since it is possible to calibrate the pulse velocity as it passes through the fiber, the OTDR can measure time, calculate the pulse position in the fiber and correlate what it sees in backscattered light with a real location in the fiber. Therefore, you can create an instant image of the fiber,
Fiber optic tech salary
Since the pulse is attenuated in the fiber as it passes along it and suffers losses in the connectors and splices, the amount of power in the test pulse decreases as it passes along the fiber in the network of cables under test. Therefore, the portion of the light that is backscattered will be reduced accordingly, which will produce an image of the actual loss that occurs in the fiber. Some calculations are necessary to convert this information to display it on the screen, since the process occurs twice, once when it leaves the OTDR and once in the return path of the dispersion in the test pulse.

Visual continuity plotter

Visual inspection

Visual continuity plotter

Continuity verification with a visual continuity plotter can trace the path of a fiber from one end to another through several connections, and thus verify continuity, correct connections and the polarity of the duplex connector. A visual continuity plotter resembles a flashlight or a pen-like instrument with a bulb or LED source that attaches to a fiber optic connector. Connect the fiber you should test to the plotter and look at the other end of the fiber to see the light transmitted through the fiber core. If you don't see any light at the end,

A good example of how a continuity visual plotter can save time and money is to test the fiber in a coil before installing it to make sure it has not been damaged during shipping. First, verify that there are no visible signs of damage to the fiber in the coil (such as cracked or broken coils, twisted cables, etc.). During the test, visual continuity plotters also help identify the next fiber to be tested with the test kit to check for loss. When connecting the cables to the connection panels, use the visual continuity plotter to make sure each connection is composed of the two correct fibers. In order to make sure that the correct fiber is connected between the transmitter and receiver, use the visual continuity plotter instead of the transmitter, and your eye instead of the receiver to verify the connection. Follow all rules regarding eye safety when working with visual plotters.

Visual fault location

A more powerful version of the visual continuity plotter called the Visual Fault Locator (VFL) uses a visible laser that can also find faults. The red laser light is powerful enough to perform a continuity check or to trace fibers for several kilometers, identify splices in splice trays and show breakage in high loss fibers or connectors. You can see the loss of light in the breakage of fiber through the bright red light of the VFL, even though the jacket of several yellow or orange simplex cables (not with black or gray jackets, of course).

You can also use the VFL to visually verify and optimize mechanical splices or pre-polished fiber optic connectors. By visually reducing the lost light, you can get a splice with lower loss. No other method will guarantee high performance with these connectors.

Before using VFLs, a warning about eye safety is necessary. VFLs use visible light. The power level is high, therefore, you should not see the light directly. You will notice that looking directly at the exit of a fiber illuminated by a VFL is somewhat uncomfortable, therefore, when drawing fibers, it is convenient that you look at the side of the fiber to see if the VFL light is present.

Fiber optic technician jobs

Visual inspection of the connector by microscope

Fiber optic inspection microscopes are used to inspect connectors, in order to confirm that polishing is adequate and to find faults such as scratches, polishing defects and dirt. They can be used both to verify the quality of the finishing procedure and to diagnose problems. A well-made connector has a smooth, polished and scratch-free finish, and the fiber shows no signs of cracks, splinters or areas where the fiber is protruding from the end of the splint or inward.

An experienced installer can place terminations on multi fiber cables

An experienced installer can place terminations on multifiber cables in approximately one minute per fiber, using the time required to cure the adhesive to prepare other connectors and reduce the time it takes for each connector.

It is important that you follow the termination procedures carefully, as they have been developed to generate the lowest losses and the most reliable terminations. Use only the specified adhesives, since fiber bonding to the splint is vital to achieving lower losses and long-term performance. And, like everything else, practice makes the expert!

Crimp / Polished

Instead of sticking the fiber in the connector, these connectors use a crimp bushing to hold the fiber. Most of those that were available in the past provided a marginal loss of performance, which is why they are no longer available. You can choose to change higher losses for faster termination speeds, but they are only a good option if you install a small amount and your customer agrees.
fiber optic cable technician salary

Pre-polished type (also called "cut and crimp")

Some manufacturers offer connectors that come with a small piece of fiber already inserted into the splint and a mechanical splice inside the connector, so you only have to cut the fiber and insert it as a splice, a process that can be done quickly. To join the connector, many connectors use a fusion splice instead of a mechanical splice.

These incorrect fiber alignments occur for two reasons

The occasional need to interconnect two different fibers and the differences in the manufacture of fibers of the same nominal dimensions. The differences in manufacturing are only a few microns and contribute to generating only small amounts of optical loss, but the loss caused by incorrect alignments will be directional and will cause a greater optical loss when transmitted from the larger nuclei of the fibers to other smaller ones.

Since there are several types of single-mode fibers and two types of multimode fibers (50/125 and 62.5 / 125) that are commonly used today, and two other fibers (100/140 and 85/125) that were occasionally used in the Lastly, it is sometimes necessary to connect different fibers or use fibers of one size in systems designed for other fiber sizes. If you connect a smaller fiber to a larger one, the optical loss that occurs at the time of coupling will be minimal, but connecting larger fibers to smaller ones will cause a significant optical loss in the joint.
google fiber technician salary
In general, the usual optical loss of single-mode or multimode fiber connectors, factory polished by means of bonding or polishing techniques, is less than 0.3 dB. Very few installers face field
termination of single-mode fiber, in general, they fuse the factory- connected fiber cable ( pigtail )
to the fibers, since it is not so easy to polish the single-mode fiber connector when performing field termination, especially in terms of reflectance. Multimode fiber field terminations are common, as experienced installers can obtain results comparable to factory terminations with bonding or polishing techniques. The field termination of pre-polished or splicing connectors, made with a precision cutter (those manufactured for the fusers), can produce reasonable results near 0.5 dB, while a common cutter usually generates an optical loss from the range of 0.75 dB. Very few industry standards set limits on the level of optical loss of the connector, but the TIA 568 standard requires that the optical loss in the connection is less than 0.75 dB and the optical loss in the splice at 0.3 dB. They are high figures of loss but that will allow the use of pre-polished or splicing connectors and most mechanical

splices.

Fiber optic in detail

In these fibers, the core is constituted by a uniform material whose refractive index is clearly higher than that of the surrounding shell. The passage from the nucleus to the deck, therefore, implies a brutal variation of the index, hence its stepped index name.

Connector types

Fiber optic in detail
These elements are responsible for connecting the fiber lines to an element, whether it is a transmitter or a receiver. The types of connectors available are very varied, among which we can find are the following:
Fiber optics technician
FC, which is used in data transmission and telecommunications.
FDDI is used for fiber-optic networks.
LC and MT-Array that are used in high-density data transmissions.
SC and SC-Duplex are used for data transmission.
ST or BFOC is used in building networks and security systems.
Light beam emitters: These devices are responsible for converting the electrical signal into a light signal, emitting the light beam that allows data transmission, these emitters can be of two types:
LEDs They use a current of 50 to 100  mA, its speed is slow, it can only be used in multimode fibers, but its use is easy and its lifetime is very large, besides being economical.
Lasers This type of transmitter uses a current of 5 to 40  mA, they are very fast, it can be used with both types of fiber, single-mode and multimode, but on the contrary, its use is difficult, its lifetime is long but shorter than the of the LEDs and they are also much more expensive.
Electric light-current converters. These types of devices convert the light signals that come from the optical fiber into electrical signals. They are limited to obtaining a current from the incident modulated light, this current is proportional to the power received, and therefore, to the waveform of the modulating signal.
It is based on the opposite phenomenon of recombination, that is, on the generation of electron-hollow pairs from photons. The simplest type of detector corresponds to a PN semiconductor junction. The conditions that a photodetector must meet for its use in the field of communications are the following:

Copper, fiber or wireless cable networks?

The biggest advantage of fiber optics is that it is the most cost-effective means of transporting information. Fiber optics can carry more information over longer distances and in less time than any other means of communication.

The bandwidth of the fiber and its capacity in the distance means that fewer cables are used, fewer repeaters, less energy, and less maintenance are performed. In addition, the fiber is not affected by electromagnetic radiation interference, which makes it possible to transmit information and data with less noise and with fewer errors. Fiber is lighter than copper wires, which makes it popular for use in aircraft and in the automotive field.

Wireless networks were used as a transmission medium for long distances until fiber began to be available; However, wireless networks are limited by the available transmission frequencies, so these types of networks were ruled out as a medium for long distances. Although wireless LANs have grown exponentially, they use both their fiber backbone (backbone) and a connection to the international telephony system.

These advantages make the use of fiber the most logical choice for data transmission.

Twenty-five years ago, the fiber was just beginning to appear, it was expensive and required doctorates issued by Bell Labs to perform installations, while the copper cable was easy to install. Today, most wiring installers perform fiber installations and wireless networks, as well as copper.

Since the fiber is so powerful, at the speed of today's networks, it has a lot of margins and users can project with confidence in the future with a speed of ten to one hundred gigabits. Currently, telecommunications companies use DSL over copper, but such a connection has a very limited bandwidth with respect to the typical connection distances of a subscriber, and many old copper cables do not support DSL speeds, which leads to Fiber adoption to the home. Gigabit Ethernet over copper technology works with short cables in LAN networks only if they are carefully installed and tested.

But fiber is not more expensive? Telecommunications companies and cable television operators use fiber because it is actually cheaper, they optimize the architecture of their network to take advantage of the speed of the fiber and its advantages in the distance. In LAN networks, the EIA / TIA 568 standard for "centralized fiber" must be complied with in order to optimize the use of fiber, which can be cheaper than copper. The installation of the appropriate fiber in a LAN network today will give you the opportunity to achieve new speeds in the network for the next few years. A 62.5 / 125 diameter FDDI fiber lasts longer than 9 generations of copper!  

Fiber optic tech salary

The standards facilitate fiber installations

 The adoption of any technology depends on having viable standards to ensure the compatibility of the products. Most of what we call standards are voluntary standards created by industry groups. The standards are not "codes" or existing laws that we must follow to comply with local regulations, but are reasonable guidelines to ensure the proper operation of communications systems. Generally, certain groups in each country, such as the EIA / TIA (Association of Electronic and Telecommunications Industries) or IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in the United States develop the standards,

Standards such as EIA / TIA 568 (of the Association of Electronic Industries / Association of Telecommunications Industries) that cover all that is necessary to know to perform installations of standard wiring networks in the internal plant are appropriate guidelines for the designs and should be respected for ensuring interoperability.

The main measurement standards, for example, the standards for power measurements, are established by standardization organizations in each country, such as the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States) and coordinated worldwide.

The only "mandatory standard" in the United States - we call them codes - is NEC 770 (National Electrical Code). The NEC contains standards for electrical safety and fire prevention that include fiber optic cables. Other countries have similar codes for construction safety. If an internal plant cable does not have an NEC classification, it should not be installed, as it will not pass the inspection.

On the website of the Fiber Optic Association, there is a list of EIA / TIA and ISO / IEC standards. Information on EIA / TIA standards can be found on most websites of structured cabling material suppliers

Optical cable for transmitting information at a speed

Domestic optical cable

Self-supporting, fully diesel, for aerial laying optical cables (OKLZh type) of domestic production are presented. The technical and operational characteristics of these cables are given.

Optical cable for transmitting information at a speed of ~ Tb / s.

It is reported that Alcatel is developing optical cables designed for transmission in channel compaction mode at a wavelength with an information transfer rate of =1.6 Tbit / s. Nowadays, an optical cable of the Tera Light type has been developed through which information is transmitted at a speed of 800 Gbit / s (the number of channels is 80, the transfer rate per channel is 10 Gbit / s, the channel spacing is 50 GHz). The company has also developed optical cables using fibers with a reduced mode dispersion, which in the future allows increasing the transmission rate in terms of channel up to 40 Gbit / s.

Analysis of the characteristics of fillers that are introduced into the sheaths of optical cables.

Fiber optic technician jobs
The results of a study of the rheological characteristics of various types of fillers, which are introduced into the shells of optical cables laid underground, in order to prevent moisture penetration, are presented. Emulsions include polyethylene emulsion in oil, thermoplastic rubber, and jelly-like oil. The dynamic characteristics of the fillers are determined using dynamic fur. Perkin analyzer - Elmer. The methodology for measuring the linear coefficient is described. expansion, elastic modulus in the transition to the vitreous phase, loss tangent. The results of measurements for fillers of various types are presented .

A new method is proposed for the optical summation

Elimination of relative noise intensity in lines with external modulation in the passband.

A new method is proposed for the optical summation of time-shifted complementary signals in order to eliminate the relative intensity noise in an optical line with narrow-band external modulation. A noise reduction of ~ 12 dB at a frequency of 4 GHz was experimentally obtained.

40 Gbps full optical data regeneration and demultiplexing with long code lengths using a non-linear semiconductor interferometer.

Fully optical regeneration with a speed of 40 Gbit / s 2 31 -1 datum and (40-10) Gbit / s demultiplexing the regenerated data was experimentally demonstrated. In the experiment. The circuit used a semiconductor nonlinear interferometer with an integrated optical amplifier with optimized characteristics for these purposes. The operation of the device without errors was achieved, and at the same time, the simultaneous conversion of the wavelength was not used. Developed device m. used as a high-speed (=40 Gbit / s) fully optical 3 R regenerator.

Fiber optic cable technician salary

Optical frequency conversion using a linearized modulator on LiNbO 3.

An experimental scheme of an optical frequency converter with a wide dynamic range is presented. The scheme uses a third-order linearized modulator on LiNbO 3. Max. dynamic range - 122.5 dB Hz 4/5 achieved at an input frequency of ~ 400 MHz.

Polymer optical waveguides for controlling phased optical arrays.

Optical delay elements based on optical polymer waveguides for antenna systems with phased arrays are described. In the manufacture of ultra-low-loss optical waveguides, photolithography technology is used. The amount of insertion delay reaches several tens of ns, with a resolution of ≤1 ps. As part of the delay element, a PD is used, with the help of which the paths are switched with the choice of the delay time. System m. used to control phased array antennas in the range 11 ... 40 GHz. The generation of microwave signals with optical coding is performed using heterodyne devices based on semiconductor lasers. The system is made in the form of a monolithic microwave range IC.
The bandwidth of quad AM systems with subcarrier multiplexing using a Mach-Zehnder modulator as a transmitter.

The results of calculating the constraints imposed on the system throughput with quadrature AM channel subcarrier multiplexing and a laser transmitter with external modulation carried out by an optically linear Mach-Zehnder modulator, nonlinear distortion, and Gaussian noise are presented. The standard was calculated. a fiber-optic system with a total bandwidth of ~ 1.4 Gbit / s, coefficient single-bit error ~ 10 –9 and quadrature AM on 64 channels.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical communication system.

An optical transmitter circuit is proposed for a single-mode fiber communication system. The transmitter has a high output radiation power and significantly broadens the spectral width of the laser source used in it. The transmitter in question is capable of suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering.
About the speeds of optical processing and transmission of information
google fiber technician salary
The possibility of increasing the speed of processing and transmitting information when using time compression, spatial and spectral separation of information flows is considered. It is shown that the processing speed of information in optical systems can reach ~ 10 16 bit / s, and the transmission speed over optical fiber - up to 10 14 bit / s.

Two-way optical transmission system and optical transceiver for pulse data.

The structure of a duplex fiber optic transmission system designed to transmit pulsed information is proposed. The system is able to adjust the deviation in the ratio between the speeds, for example, when transmitting a signal from the transceiver to the user and vice versa. An optical pulsed information transceiver has been developed, which can used in an optical access system for subscriber systems or KTV in which dense spectral multiplexing is used.

Fiber optic processing

Most optical cable systems use sheathed glass fiber. The latter provides the necessary strength, simplifies the handling of the fiber and allows the manufacturer to mark the fibers with different colors in order to visually identify them. During the installation of connectors or cable splices, the sheath is removed, which allows you to combine the fibers with the required accuracy. At the time of removal of the sheath, a number of questions arise regarding the proper handling of tools and chemicals, the processing of fiber and the disposal of its fragments. As soon as the outer sheath is removed, the fiber becomes unprotected and breaks easily. The probability of fiber fragments getting under the skin at this moment is greatest. Therefore, it is advisable to equip the workplace so that it is safe.

Mats and tables suitable for this are produced by many manufacturers. The surface of the table should have a coating that contrasts in color with the fiber being processed, and this is just one of the conditions for more convenient and safe operation. For laboratory and industrial premises, a black, non-reflective and chemical-resistant work surface that is easy to clean; the design of the table should be such that no fragments of fiber accumulate in its seams and at the edges.

For field conditions, black mats with a matte finish are recommended; Their main quality is lightweight and transportability (they are easily rolled up and stored in a toolbox). An alternative can be three types of work tables. For telecommunication rooms, a small light table is best suited. A safe working environment requires a non-reflective work surface and a container for trimming fiber. For cable splicers, longer tables with height adjustment are best suited. It is also desirable to have good lighting, magnifying glasses, and devices for attaching cables to protect them from damage.
Also Read: fiber optics technician
The goose-neck lamps, which are very good both in the laboratory and in the field, illuminate the workplace well.

Protective glasses.

When working with Class 3 lasers, personnel should wear safety glasses with appropriate filters. Professionals dealing with components based on VCSEL lasers should wear safety glasses designed for a wavelength of 850 nm. In addition, they should be equipped with filters with optical density (optical density - OD), corresponding to a specific application. For example, with an OD of unity, the attenuation of transmitted optical radiation is 10 dB; with an OD equal to 2, - 100 dB, etc. Knowing the output optical power of the radiation source, it is possible to determine the required OD value, which reduces the power of the transmitted radiation to a safe level.

When processing fibers, especially when installing connectors and splicing cables, ordinary safety glasses are quite suitable. In normal operation, they prevent fiber fragments from entering the eyes. However, suppose you suddenly wanted to rub your eyes. If at the same time pieces of fiber are stuck to the hands, such a seemingly innocuous desire can negate the protective function of safety glasses: the fiber fragments are small and transparent, they can easily stick to the skin, remaining invisible. For the same reason, it is recommended to wash your hands more often, and this will be another means of protecting the eyes. Since the work with glasses is necessary and they will have to be carried out for a long time both in the laboratory and in the field, special attention should be paid to their design and convenience.

Fiber optic benefits

With proper design of the future system (this stage involves the solution of architectural issues, as well as the selection of suitable equipment and methods for connecting the carrier cables) and professional installation, the use of fiber-optic lines provides a number of significant advantages:

• High throughput due to high carrier frequency. The potential of one optical fiber is several terabits of information in 1 second.
• Fiber optic cable has a low noise level, which positively affects its bandwidth and the ability to transmit signals of various modulation.
• Fire safety (fire resistance). Unlike other communication systems, FOCL can be used without any restrictions at high-risk enterprises, in particular at petrochemical plants, due to the absence of spark.
• Due to the low attenuation of the light signal, optical systems can combine working areas at considerable distances (more than 100 km) without the use of additional repeaters (amplifiers).
• Information Security. Fiber-optic communication provides reliable protection against unauthorized access and interception of confidential information. This ability of optics is explained by the absence of radiation in the radio range, as well as high sensitivity to vibrations. In the case of wiretapping attempts, the built-in monitoring system can disable the channel and warn about suspected hacking. That is why FOCL is actively used by modern banks, research centers, law enforcement organizations and other structures working with classified information.
• High reliability and noise immunity of the system. The fiber, being a dielectric conductor, is not sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, is not afraid of oxidation and moisture.
• Profitability. Despite the fact that the creation of optical systems due to its complexity is more expensive than traditional SCS, in general, its owner receives real economic benefits. Optical fiber, which is made of quartz, costs about 2 times cheaper than copper cable, and additionally, when building extensive systems, you can save on amplifiers. If, when using a copper pair, repeaters need to be installed every few kilometers, then in the fiber optic link this distance is at least 100 km. At the same time, the speed, reliability, and durability of 
• The service life of fiber optic lines is a quarter of a century. After 25 years of continuous use in the carrier system, signal attenuation increases.
• If we compare the copper and optical cable, then at the same throughput, the second one will weigh about 4 times less, and its volume, even when using protective shells, will be several times less than that of copper.
• Prospects. The use of fiber-optic communication lines makes it easy to increase the computing capabilities of local networks thanks to the installation of faster active equipment, and without replacing communications.
• Also check: fiber optic tech salary
• traditional SCS are significantly inferior to optics.

fiber optic technician certification & job discription

Description

The Fiber Optic Installer Certification Course provides participants with the knowledge of installation, connectorization, splicing, testing and measurements of multimode and single-mode optical fiber. They will become experts in installing connectors on various types of fiber optic cables using various types of epoxy and will be able to perform mechanical and fusion splices. Finally, participants have the option of taking the fiber optic technician certification test for the Optical Fiber Installer (FOI) of the International Association of Electronics Technicians Association (ETA-i, accredited by the International Certification Accreditation Council - ICAC ). This course will provide participants with the skills to work in cell phones, cable TV, and communications companies that install, test and maintain fiber optic networks. The course will be attended by an engineer from the telecommunications company CLARO PR for a workshop on the theory, use, and management of an Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR)

Course Level: introductory to intermediate

Course duration: 4 days (Saturdays)

Date: February 1, 8, 15 and 22, 2020

Modules:

1. Theory of fiber optic communication (June 1)
2. Technical specifications of the optical fiber (June 8)
3. Fiber optic installation and service (June 15)
4. Preparation for the FOI exam (June 22)
5. Includes as a special bonus the 4-hour workshop of Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) of Engineer Eduardo Acosta, Claro's technical trainer