The biggest advantage of fiber optics is that it is the most cost-effective means of transporting information. Fiber optics can carry more information over longer distances and in less time than any other means of communication.
The bandwidth of the fiber and its capacity in the distance means that fewer cables are used, fewer repeaters, less energy, and less maintenance are performed. In addition, the fiber is not affected by electromagnetic radiation interference, which makes it possible to transmit information and data with less noise and with fewer errors. Fiber is lighter than copper wires, which makes it popular for use in aircraft and in the automotive field.
Wireless networks were used as a transmission medium for long distances until fiber began to be available; However, wireless networks are limited by the available transmission frequencies, so these types of networks were ruled out as a medium for long distances. Although wireless LANs have grown exponentially, they use both their fiber backbone (backbone) and a connection to the international telephony system.
These advantages make the use of fiber the most logical choice for data transmission.
Twenty-five years ago, the fiber was just beginning to appear, it was expensive and required doctorates issued by Bell Labs to perform installations, while the copper cable was easy to install. Today, most wiring installers perform fiber installations and wireless networks, as well as copper.
Since the fiber is so powerful, at the speed of today's networks, it has a lot of margins and users can project with confidence in the future with a speed of ten to one hundred gigabits. Currently, telecommunications companies use DSL over copper, but such a connection has a very limited bandwidth with respect to the typical connection distances of a subscriber, and many old copper cables do not support DSL speeds, which leads to Fiber adoption to the home. Gigabit Ethernet over copper technology works with short cables in LAN networks only if they are carefully installed and tested.
But fiber is not more expensive? Telecommunications companies and cable television operators use fiber because it is actually cheaper, they optimize the architecture of their network to take advantage of the speed of the fiber and its advantages in the distance. In LAN networks, the EIA / TIA 568 standard for "centralized fiber" must be complied with in order to optimize the use of fiber, which can be cheaper than copper. The installation of the appropriate fiber in a LAN network today will give you the opportunity to achieve new speeds in the network for the next few years. A 62.5 / 125 diameter FDDI fiber lasts longer than 9 generations of copper!
The standards facilitate fiber installations
The adoption of any technology depends on having viable standards to ensure the compatibility of the products. Most of what we call standards are voluntary standards created by industry groups. The standards are not "codes" or existing laws that we must follow to comply with local regulations, but are reasonable guidelines to ensure the proper operation of communications systems. Generally, certain groups in each country, such as the EIA / TIA (Association of Electronic and Telecommunications Industries) or IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in the United States develop the standards,
Standards such as EIA / TIA 568 (of the Association of Electronic Industries / Association of Telecommunications Industries) that cover all that is necessary to know to perform installations of standard wiring networks in the internal plant are appropriate guidelines for the designs and should be respected for ensuring interoperability.
The main measurement standards, for example, the standards for power measurements, are established by standardization organizations in each country, such as the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States) and coordinated worldwide.
The only "mandatory standard" in the United States - we call them codes - is NEC 770 (National Electrical Code). The NEC contains standards for electrical safety and fire prevention that include fiber optic cables. Other countries have similar codes for construction safety. If an internal plant cable does not have an NEC classification, it should not be installed, as it will not pass the inspection.
On the website of the Fiber Optic Association, there is a list of EIA / TIA and ISO / IEC standards. Information on EIA / TIA standards can be found on most websites of structured cabling material suppliers
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