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3. Blocked cable failures are caused by compression “ripples” due to installation or improper preconditioning of optical cable.

When an optical cable is seated against the face of a connector, the face of the cable core and cladding will be pushed into the body of the cable by a very small amount, on the order of millimeters, at both ends.
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 Moreover, when an optical cable is subjected to thermal cycling, swinging back and forth between the extremes of its operating temperatures, this can cause the cable jacketing to shrink slightly. In both cases, the end result is an optical cable where the core and cladding has become compressed within the jacketing and is not free to move in a manner that would relieve the stress.  This increases light loss across the fiber and heightens the chance for what’s called a “blocked cable failure” (Fig.

These issues can be addressed via thermal preconditioning (cycling a pre-cut length of fiber multiple times between its anticipated operating temperatures to stabilize the jacketing shrinkage), the use of service loops, and limits placed on the restriction of fiber movement. Lastly, the use of an optical backscatter reflectometer can also return useful information about the internal structure of a fiber-optic cable, including very small compression-caused bends within the jacket.